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IT'S STILL A MAN'S GAME?
The Experiences of Top-Level European Women Footballers
Sheila Scraton
Leeds Metropolitan University, England
Kari Fasting
Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Norway
Gertrud Pfister
Freie Universitat, Germany
Ana Bunuel
Instituto Nacional de Educacion Fisica, Spain
This article investigates national similarities and differences with respect to how women enter the world of football and whether gender relations continue to impact on both their access to and opportunities in the sport. The data comes from 40 semi-structured interviews with top-level women footballers in England, Germany, Norway and Spain. Early male influences are discussed in relation to: existing work on socialization into sport, notions of femininity, and the different cultural contexts. The organization of youth sport is identified as a crucial factor in influencing girls and young women's opportunities to play football. Furthermore, although men continue to have a considerable influence on the women's game, even when women have no conscious intentions of resistance, they incorporate their own meanings into the sport.
Key Words: cross-national research • gender • women's football
International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Vol. 34, No. 2,
99-111 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/101269099034002001
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